![]() Less energy reaches the upper atmosphere, which is therefore cooler because of this absorption. Absorption of infrared light at the vibrational frequencies of atmospheric CO 2 traps energy near the surface, warming the surface and the lower atmosphere. ![]() Light emission from the Earth's surface is most intense in the infrared region between 2 cm −1, as opposed to light emission from the much hotter Sun which is most intense in the visible region. It plays a significant role in influencing Earth's surface temperature through the greenhouse effect. CO 2 absorbs and emits infrared radiation at wavelengths of 4.26 μm (2,347 cm −1) (asymmetric stretching vibrational mode) and 14.99 μm (667 cm −1) (bending vibrational mode). While transparent to visible light, carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, absorbing and emitting infrared radiation at its two infrared-active vibrational frequencies. Other large anthropogenic sources include cement production, deforestation, and biomass burning. Burning fossil fuels is the main cause of these increased CO 2 concentrations and also the main cause of climate change. This is an increase of 50% since the start of the Industrial Revolution, up from 280 ppm during the 10,000 years prior to the mid-18th century. The current global average concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere is (0.04%) 421 ppm as of May 2022. It is one of several greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of Earth. In Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide is a trace gas that plays an integral part in the greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, photosynthesis and oceanic carbon cycle. However, in 2013 the daily mean concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere surpassed 400 parts per million ( ppmv) - this level has never been reached since the mid-Pliocene, 2 to 4 million years ago. ![]() Carbon dioxide concentrations have varied widely over the Earth's 4.54 billion year history. Atmospheric CO 2 concentrations measured at Mauna Loa Observatory from 1958 to 2022 (also called the Keeling Curve). ![]()
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